DEPARTMET

OF

EDUCATION

Patna University, Patna.

Ph. No. 0612 2672937

SYLLABUS (w.e.f. Session 2005-06)

M. ED. COURSES

PAPER I : PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

Part I: Philosophical Foundation

COURSE OBJECTIVES

The Philosophical component of this (foundation) core paper for a post-graduate

course in education (Professional) aims at developing the following competencies amongst the scholars.

1.   Understanding the. nature and functions of philosophy of education.

2.   Logical analysis, interpretation and synthesis of various concepts; proposition and

      philosophical assumptions about educational phenomena.

3.   Understanding and use of philosophical methods in studying educational data.

4.   Critical appraisal of contributions made to education by prominent educational           

       thinkers - Indian and Western. 

COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT I

  • Philosophy of Education: Its nature - Directive Doctrine;
  • a Liberal Discipline

Ř       an activity

Ř       It’s Function - Speculative, Normative, Analytical.

UNIT II

Ř       Metaphysical Problem and Education related to Nature, Man and Society.

Ř       Impact of Philosophical suppositions on education made by - Idealism, Realism, Marrism, Pragmatism, Existentialism, Vedanta (Advaita & Veshistadvaita only), Sankhya, School of thought.

UNIT III

Ř       Epistemology and Education: Knowledge; methods of acquiring valid knowledge with specific reference to Analytic philosophy, Dialectical approach, Scientific Inquiry; Nyaya, Yoga.

UNIT IV

  • Axiology and Education: Critical appreciation of the contribution made by Buddhism, Jainism, Bhagavadgita and Islam to education in terms of value formulation.

UNIT V

  • Educational Thoughts: Contribution to educational thought and practice made by' great thinkers (master minds) and their critical appreciation with specific reference to their views on

a)     Concept of man and the process of development, and

b)     Socio cultural scenario, a global perspective.

The thinkers: Plato, Kant, Dewey, R.S. Peters, Ganc'1i, Tagore, Sri Aurobindo

PRACTICUM

  • Annotated Bibliography covering 15-20 works.
  • Attempt paper presentation on a given topic .

Part II : Sociological Foundation

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To enable the student to understand concept and process of social organization,                       

    social stratification and institution

2. To enable the student to understand relationship, between culture, society "and

    education

3. To enable the student to know issues of equality, excellence and inequalities in

   education.

COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT I

  • Concept and nature of sociology of Education, Difference between sociology of

education and Educational Sociology; Social organization; social groups; social

stratification; factors influencing so.

  • Social organization, characteristics of social organization; institutions, attitude and values.

UNIT II

  • Culture - meaning and nature of Culture, Role of education in cultural context;

Education and cultural change.

UNIT III

  • Education and Society - Education as a social system, as a socialization process and a process of social progress and change.

UNIT IV

  • Issues of equality of educational opportunity and excellence in education. Equality vs. equity in education; Inequalities in Indian social system with special reference to social disadvantages, gender and habitations, need measures to address them.

UNIT V

  • Education and Democracy, Constitutional provisions for education; Nationalism and Education; Education for national integration and International understanding.

PAPER II : PSYCHOLOGICALFOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To enable the student to understand concepts and principles of Educational

     Psychology as an applied science.

2. To enable the leaner to understand implications of psychological theories for  

    education.

3. To acquaint the learner with the process of development and assessment of various abilities and traits

COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT I

  • Educational Psychology: Concept, concerns and scope of educational Psychology, contribution of psychology to education

UNIT II

  • Human Development: Concept, principles, sequential stages of development; factors influencing development and their relative role; general characteristics and problems of each stage.
  • Theories of Piaget and Bruner - major concepts and stages and implications for

education.

  • Indian theory of Psychological Development.

UNIT III

  • Learning: Concept, kinds, levels of learning various view points on learning, Gagne's conditions of learning; cognitive view point and information processing; issues related to learning. Educational implications of the view points on learning.

UNIT IV

  • Group Dynamics: Group process, interpersonal relations, sociometric grouping, social-emotional climate of the classroom and influence of teacher characteristics.

UNIT V

  • Individual Difference: Concept of intra and inter differences:

a)     Intelligence and cognitive abilities, identification fostering

b)  Creativity - Nature, Process, Identification, fostering and Guiding creative

      children.

b)     Interests, attitude and values

d)   Adjustment of teaching - learning process to suit. individual differences -  

      learning styles and teaching strategies

UNIT VI

  • Personality. Concept, development, structure and dynamics of personality
  • Theories of Personality - Allport, Eysenck; Psychoanalytic approach of Freud, Erickson; Behavioural approach - Miller, Dollard and Bandura; Humanistic approach - Roger, Maslow.
  • Indian Theories: Vedic, Buddhist, Rabind~/kath Tagore IMahatma Gandhi,

J.Krishnamurti and Sri Aurobindo

UNIT VII

  • Assessment of Personality - Techniques

a)                Personality inventories - rating scales

b)       Projective techniques: Rofchach, TAT

UNIT VIII

  • Adjustment and Mental Health

a)     Concept, mechanism of adjustment. - defence; escape, withdrawal, compensatory.

b)  Introduction to common forms of neuroses, psychosis and somatic disorders

c)  Principles of mental hygiene - preventive, constructive, .curative measures,

d)  Implications for education

PAPER III : METHODOLOGY OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Part I : Methods of Educational Research

COURSE OBJECTIVES

To enable the students to understand'

1. The meaning of scientific method, scientific inquiry, Paradigm, theory and this

    implications for educational research.

2. The characteristics of philosophical, psychological and sociological researches in

    education.

3. The different strategies of educational research.

4. The techniques of developing a research proposal.

5. The meaning and techniques of sampling

6. The various types of tools of data collection.

COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT I

Nature of Research, knowledge and Inquiry.

  • Scientific inquiry, scientific method, nature and sources of knowledge.
  • Paradigm, theory, model and approach; positivist and non-positivist (humanities)

paradigms and their implications for educational research.

UNIT II

Philosophical, psychological and sociological orientation in educational research.

  • Interdisciplinarity in educational research and its implications.

UNIT III

Methods of Educational Research

  • Experimental; Normative Survey; HistoriGal'Case Study; Development; Ethnographic; Documentary-analysis.
  • Evaluative Research and Action Research .

UNIT IV

Developing a Research Proposal

  • Problem and its sources; Selection and Definition of problem.
  • Objectives - primary, secondary and concomitant
  • Hypothesis - nature, definition, types, sources, characteristics of a good hypothesis; directional and non-directional hypothesis.

UNIT V

Sampling

  • Unit of sampling, population; techniques (a) probability sampling techniques & (b)

non-probability sampling techniques.

  • Characteristics of a good sample
  • Sampling errors and how to reduce them.
  • Tables of Random Numbers; types; how to use them.

UNIT VI

Tools and techniques of data collection

  • Observation; Interview; Sociometric techniques.
  • Questionnaire, Rating scales; Interview schedules Attitude scales etc.
  • Reliability and validity of various tools and techniques.

UNIT VII

Validity and Limitations of findings; factors influencing validity of research; internal vs.external validity; how to increase validity of research findings.

UNIT VIII

Evaluation of Research: Criteria and types and types of research.

PRACTICUM

  • Review of two published research papers; one quantitative and the other qualitative.
  • Review of an M Ed or an M.Phil. dissertation.

 

  • Development of a research proposal for M Ed. Dissertation and its seminar -

presentation.

  • Construction of one tool of data collection.

 

Part II : Methods of Data Analysis

UNIT I

  • Nature of educational data: Quantitative and Qualitative.

UNIT II

  • Qualitative data: its analysis with emphasis on content analysis; analysis of interview based data and observation based data.

UNIT III

  • Quantitative data' Scales of measurement. nominal, ordinal, internal, Ratio.

UNIT IV

  • Organization and representation: Frequency distribution. Frequency polygon,

Histogram, Ogive, Smoothed frequency curve.

UNIT V

  • Concept, calculation and uses of . Measures of central tendencies,

a)  Measures of variability.

b)  Percentiles and Percentile Ranks

c)  Correlations, Regression equations

UNIT VI

  • Properties and uses of normal distribution

UNIT VII

  • Inferential statistical methods

a)  Standard errors, confidence limits

b)  Hypothesis testing Difference between means, correlations

c)  Cross breaks (Chi-square)

AREA OF SPECIALISATION

A.GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING

Part I : Guidance

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To help student understand concept, need and view point of guidance.

2. To help student understand principles, and problems of different types of guidance.

3. To help student understand concept and needs and guidance for the children with

    special needs

4. To help student understand the concept and process of counselling.

5. To acquaint the student with the aim and principles of guidance programme.

6. To develop in student an understand of various procedures of organizing various

guidance services.

 

COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT I

  • Concept, assumptions, issues and problems ot guidance.
  • Needs scope and significance of guidance.

UNIT II

  • Types of guidance - Educational, vocational and personal, Group guidance,
  • Role of the teacher in guidance,
  • Agencies of guidance - National, State level

UNIT III

·         Educational Guidance

·         Principles of all guidance,

·         Guidance and curriculum, guidance and classroom learning.

UNIT IV

  • Vocational Guidance
  • Nature of work,
  • Various motives associated with work
  • Career development - Super's Theory about guidance,
  • Approaches to career guidance, Vocationalisation of secondary education and career development.

 

 

UNIT V

  • Guidance of Children with special needs

a)  Problems and needs

b)  Guidance of the gifted and creative students

c)  Guidance of under - achiever and first generation learners

d)  Role of the teacher in helping children with special needs.

 

Part II: COUNSELLING

UNIT VI

  • Counselling Process
  • Concept, nature, principles of counselling
  • Counselling approaches - directive, non-directive,
  • Group counselling vs. individual counselling, Counselling for adjustment.
  • Characteristics of good counselling.

UNIT VII

  • Group guidance
  • Concept, concern and principles
  • Procedure and techniques of group guidance

UNIT VIII

  • Organization of a Guidance Programme

a)   Principles of organization

b)   Various types of services - Counselling.

c)   Group guidance, individual inventory service and information orientation    

      service, placement service and follow up service.

d)   Evaluation of guidance programme d)

UNIT IX

  • Testing in Guidance Service

a)   Use of tests in guidance and counselling,

b)   Tests of intelligence, aptitude, creativity, interest and personality

c)   Administering, scoring and interpretation of test scores

d)   Communication of test results as relevant in the context of guidance

      programme.

 

UNIT X

  • Human Adjustment and Mental Health

a)  Psychological foundation of adjustment

b)  Role of motivation and perception in adjustment

c)  Principles of mental hygiene and their implication of effective adjustment

d)  Mental health and development of integrated personality

 

B.  DISTANCE EDUCATION

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To orient students with the nature and need of Distance Education in the present day

     Indian Society

2. To expose students to different kinds of information and communication Technologies

    ((ICT) and enable them to be familiar with their use in teaching-learning process.

3. To enable student to understand various modes of Student Support Services (SSS)

    and develop in them skills to manage such services for various kinds of programmes

    through Distance Education

4. To enable students to evaluate programmes of Distance Education and to develop in

    them the ability to enhance the quality and standards of different D.E. Programmes.

COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT I

  • Distance Education and its development

a)  Some definitions and teaching Learning components

b)  Need and characteristic features of Distance Education

c)  Growth of Distance Education

d)  Distance teaching-Learning systems in India

UNIT II

  • Intervention strategies at a distance

a) Information and Communication Technologies and their application in    

    Distance Education.

b) Designing and preparing self-instructional material

c) Electronic media (T.V.) for Education

          d) Distance Education

 

UNIT III

  • Learning at a distance

a) Student-support-services in Distance Education and their management.

b) Technical and vocational programmes through Distance Education.

c) Programmes for women through Distance Education.

d) Distance Education and Rural Development.

UNIT IV

  • Quality Enhancement and Programme Evaluation

a) Quality assurance of Distance Education.

b) Mechanisms for maintenance of standards in Distance Education.

c) Programme evaluation

d) Cost analysis in D.E. - concept, need and process

e) New Dimensions in Distance Education - promises for the future.

C.  VALUE EDUCATION AND HUMAN RIGHTS

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To enable students to understand the n'eed and importance of Value-Education and

    education for Human Rights

2. To enable them to understand the nature of values, moral values, moral education

    and to differentiate such values form religious education, moral training or moral

    indoctrination.

3.To orient the students with the basis of morality and with the place of reason and

   emotions in moral development of the child.

4.To enable them to understand the process of moral development vis-a-vis their

   cognitive .and social development.

5.To orient the students with various intervention strategies for moral education and

   conversion of moral learning into moral education.

COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT I

  • The Socio-moral and cultural context

a) Need and Importance of Value Education and Education for Human Rights in

    the existing social scenario.

b) Valuation of culture: Indian Culture and Human Values.

 

 

UNIT II

  • Nature and Concept of Morality and Moral Education

a) Moral Education vis-a-vis religious education; moral instructions, moral training

    and moral indoctrintion.

b) Language of moral education - its form and context characteristics of a morally

    educated persons.

c) Justice and Care. - The two dimensions perspectives in Morality' Dichotomy

    between reason and passion.

d) Moral Judgement and Moral Action.

 

UNIT III

  • Moral Development of the Child

a) Concept of Development and Concept of Moral development.

b) Psycho-analytic approach

c) Learning theory approach, especially social learning theory approach. c)

d) Cognitive developmental approacA - Piaget and Kohlberg, Stages of moral

    development and their characteristic features.

UNIT IV

  • Moral Learning to Moral Education

a) Moral Learning outside the school - child rearing practices and moral Learning,

    Moral learning via Imitation. Nature of Society and moral learning. Media and moral   learning.

b) Moral' Learning Inside the school: providing "form" and "Content to education.

c) Moral Education and the curriculum' Can moral education be imparted taking

    it as a subject of curriculum.

UNIT V

  • Intervention Strategies for Moral Education and Assessment of Moral Maturity.

a) Model of Moral Education - a) Rationale Building Model, b) The consideration

    Model, c) Value classification Model, d) .Social Action Model, e) Just Community

intervention Model.

b) Assessment of moral maturity via moral dilemma resolution

c) Examples of some select moral dilemmas.

D:LANGUAGE EDUCATION

 

Part I : Theoretical & Pedagogical Bases of Language Education

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To develop an understanding of the nature, functions and implications for planning                                

    and teaching language. .

2. To help the students to know the psychology of teaching language learning.

3. To acquaint the students with pedagogy of language learning and language teaching.

4. To orient the students with individualization of language learning, PSI, programmed

    learning etc. in language learning.

5. To develop understanding and skill in differentiating between teaching language and

    teaching literature in the context of L1 and L2"

6. To acquaint the students with various areas of research in language education.

7. To help the students to know various problems such as contextual, curriculum,           

    teacher preparation etc. of language education in India.

8. To develop an understanding of policy formulation of language education in India.

COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT I

  • Language:

a) Nature, functions and implications for planning and teaching language i.e. first

    language and second language.

b) Linguistics and Language: Nature and functions of linguistics with special

    reference to the role of contrastive analysis, error analysis and structural

    linguistics

UNIT II

  • Psychology of teaching and learning of languages

a) The Indian tradition: Contribution of Yask, Panini Patanjali and Bhartihari.

b) The Western tradition: the behaviouristic approach, the cognitive - code

    approach, the communicative approach.

c) Psycholinguistic approach; principles of language and psychology of language

    teaching and language learning.

 

UNIT III

  • Pedagogy of Language Learning and Language Teaching

a) Language learning & language acquisition; factors affecting language learning

    and language acquisitions.

b) Teaching the first language, (L1) the second language (L2) and other languages

   (L3); differences in objectives, instructional materials, evaluation etc. Factors

   affecting the teaching of L2 and L3'

c) Developing the language curriculum and the syllabus: dimensions, factors that

    influence the curriculum, dimensions, selection and grading of content, selecting

    the contexts for teaching and learning, transaction techniques, and evaluation

    techniques.

d) Developing basic language skills and intermediate as well as advanced

    language skills that are level specific viz; primary, secondary and senior

    secondary

e) Innovative techniques for teaching grammar, reading comprehension, written       

    expression, note - making etc. .

UNIT IV

  • Individualization of Language Learning: need, techniques viz; differential assignments, classroom tasks, personalized system of instruction, programmed learning and individualized i.e. need-based reading and writing programmes.

UNIT V

  • Teaching language and teaching literature in the context of L1 and L2 : differences in their nature, content and emphases; interrelationships, advanced technique of teaching and evaluation

a) Creativity in language education' nature.

b) Techniques for fostering and developing creativity in language.

UNIT VI

a) Research in language education status; gaps and priorities.

b) Reading research and writing research - directions and emerging priorities.

 

Part II : Problems of Language Education in India

UNIT VII

  • Contextual Problems

a) Multilingual context of India

b) Constitutional provisions regarding language and education and their impact.

c) Three - language formula - original as well as modified and its present status

d) Medium of instruction - controversy, recommendations in NPE 1968, 1986, 1992

    and National School Curriculum - 2000

UNIT VIII

  • Curriculum development in multilingual context of India - the core component and the add - on components, their transaction techniques & evaluation.

UNIT IX

  • Preparation of Language Teachers

a) Pre-service education, in-service education; site professional development.

b) Planning, inputs, transaction and evaluation.

c) Distance mode based preparation of language teachers.

d) Alternative course designs for preparing language teachers.

UNIT X

  • Functioning and contribution of CIEFL, Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), Kendriya Hindi Sansthan etc.; in strengthening language education in India.

UNIT XI

  • Policy Formulation and language education

a) Levels: national level; state level; district and local level.

b) Need surveys and trend analysis.

c) Lessons from other multilingual countries e.g. Canada, Russia, the UK, Israel

    etc.

E. COMPARATIVE EDUCATION

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To help the students to understand comparative education as an emerging multi-                                  

    education as discipline (with its scope and major concepts) of education.

2. To acquaint the students with educational systems in terms of factors and approaches

    of comparative education.

 

3. To orient the students with skills to assess the efficacy of educational systems of

    various countries in terms of the prevailing trends in those countries.

4. To help the students to use the results of assessment made by various countries and

    to know the role of UNO and its various bodies for the promotion of Indian education.

5. To create a perspective in the students about the implications of education for solving

   the prevailing problems of education in India.

UNIT I

  • Comparative education - Meaning in terms of looking at it as a new discipline
  • Scope and major concepts of comparative education .
  • Methods,
  • Democracy and Nationalism .
  • Juxtaposition
  • Area Study .
  • Intra and Inter educational analyses
  • Democracy and Nationalism .

UNIT II

  • Comparative education factors and approaches geographical, economic, cultural,

philosophica1, sociological, linguistic, scientific, historical, ecological, structural and functional factors - Cross disciplinary approach used in comparative education.

UNIT III

  • Modern trends in. world education - national and global.
  • Role of U.N.O. in improving educational opportunities among the member countries; various official organs of the U.N.O. and their educational activities.

UNIT IV

  • A comparative study of the education systems of countries with special reference to:

Primary Education                    USA, UK, Russia, Japan, India

Secondary Education               USA, UK, Russia, Japan, Germany, India.

Higher Education                     USA, Russia, UK, France, India.

Teacher Education                  USA, Russia, UK, Germany, India.

Adult Education                      Australia, Cuba, Brazil, India.

 

 

UNIT V

  • Problems prevailing in developing countries with special reference to India, their causes and solution through education.
  • Poverty
  • Unemployment
  • Populationexplosion.
  • Hunger
  • Terrorism
  • Casteism and communalism
  • Illiteracy
  • Beggary
  • Political instability
  • Economic under-development

F. TEACHER EDUCATION

COURSE OBJECTIVES

  • To enable the students to understand' about the

1. Concept, aims and scope of teacher education in India with its historical perspectives.

2. Development of teacher education curriculum in India.

3. Different competencies essential for a teacher for effective transaction.

4. Teaching models - concept & process.

5. Teaching skills.

6. Various aspects of supervision and feedback

COURSE CONTENTS

PART – A

1. Teacher Education - concept, aims and scope;

2. Teacher Education in a changing society: A brief review of historical perspective of

    the development of teacher. Education in India ancient, medieval and British and

    during Post-independence period.

3.Teacher Education Curriculum at different stages: Approaches to Teacher Education

   - consecutive and integrated.

4. A critical appraisal of the present system of teacher education in India - a study

   of the various recommendations of commissions and committees in the post-                                    

   independence era.

5.Qualities of a good teacher - cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills.

   Competency-based teacher educations: Quality assurance in teacher education. 6.

PART - B

1.  Principles of Teaching; methods of teaching school subjects.

2. The Teaching Models - Concept Attainment Model, Inquiry Training Model Problem

    Solving Model and Inductive Thinking Model.

3. Organization of Practice Teaching for developing an effective teacher - Block and

    Intermittent practice teaching internship - its organization and problems.

4. Supervision of practice lessons: observation and assessment; feed back to student

   - teacher - concept and types

ASSIGNMENT

  • Student will be required to submit a term paper on anyone of the following:

1. Preparation of resource material on any teaching unit of Teacher Education paper.

2. A critical study of anyone aspect of Teacher Education.

3. Study of teaching methods used at any stage of schooling.

4. A survey of research on any aspect of teacher Education - attitude and job

   satisfaction of school teachers

5. Work study project related to teacher education.

G. SPECIAL EDUCATION

COURSE QBJECTIVES

To make the students:

1. Know about the meaning and scope of special education in India.

2. Understand the various suggestions given by different recent commissions of                     

education of children with special needs for realising the concept of "Universalisation of education",

3. Grasp about the meaning, specific characteristics and modalities of identification of various types of (students who are different then majoriy or are) exceptional learners.

4. Understand various educational intervention programmes for meeting the needs of

    exceptional learners.

COURSE CONTENTS

  • Meaning and scope of special Education. A ~rief history of Special Education. Scope of special education in India. Government policies and legislations. Administration of special education. Characteristics, education and placement of the following types of special children:
  • Meaning of universalisation of education as per constitutional provision as well as

state-wise allotment; - recommendations given in NPE 1986, POA 1992, and PWD (Persons with disability Act) 1995; National Institutes of Handicapped and the role of Rehabilitation council of India.

  • Exceptional learners - learners who are mentally handicapped, visually impaired,

hearing impaired, locommotor impaired, suffering with learning difficulties, and gifted - the meaning and salient characteristics of learners of each category in a manner that paves way for early and easy identification.

  • Meaning of an educational intervention - nature and objectives of special schools; concept of main streaming; integrated schools and support services provided within them. viz. Resources room, resource teacher, counselor etc.; concept of remedial teaching (specially for learning disables cpildren); role of other (peer) members of the school (children as well as teachers); family of the "concerned child" and the community in educating the child who is an exceptional one.

Characteristics, prevention, educational programs and placement of the following types of special children:

 

  • Mentally Retarded (MR),
  • With Learning Disabilities
  • Emotionally disturbed
  • With Speech and Language Disorders
  • Visually impaired
  • With Hearing Impairment
  • Creative
  • Gifted

(Definition, types, causes, psychological and behavioural characteristics and education)

 

H. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To enable the students teacher to understand about the meaning, nature and scope

    and significance of E.T. and its important components in terms of Hardware and

    Software.

2. To help the students teachers to distinguish between communication and instruction

    so that they can develop and design a sound instructional system.

3. To acquaint students teachers with levels, strategies and models of teaching for future

    improvement.

4. To enable the students teachers to understand about the importance of programmed

    instructions and researches in E.T.

5. To acquaint the student teachers with emerging trends in ET along with the resource

    centres of ET.

UNIT I

  • Concept of Educational Technology
  • Meaning, Nature, Scope and significance of ET.
  • Components of ET : Software, hardware.
  • Educational technology and instructiona! technology. .

UNIT II

  • Communication and Instruction'
  • Theory, Concept, Nature, Process, Components Types, Classroom Communication, Mass media approach in Educational Technology.
  • Designing Instructional System
  • Formulation of instructional objectives
  • task analysis
  • designing of instructional strategies such as lecture, team teaching discussion, seminar and tutorials.

UNIT III

  • Teaching levels, Strategies & Models:
  • Memory, Understanding and Reflective levels of teaching.
  • Teaching strategies: Meaning, Nature, Functions and Types
  • Models of teaching: Meaning, Nature, Fuctions and Types (Psychological Models and Modern Models of Teaching).
  • Modification of teaching behaviour:
  • Micro teaching, Flander's Interaction Analysis, Simulation.

UNIT IV

  • Programmed instruction (linear/branching model) - Origin and types - linear and
  • branching.
  • Development of the progarmmed insfruction material
  • teaching machines
  • Computer Assisted Instruction
  • Researches in Educational Technology
  • Future priorities in Educational Technology

UNIT V

  • Educational technology in formal, non-formal and Informal Education, Distance

Education, Open Learning Systems and Educational Technology.

  • Emerging trends in Educational Technology, Videotape, Radio-vision, Tele-conferencing, CCTV, CAI, INSAT - Problems of New Technologies.
  • Evaluation and Educational Technology.
  • Resource Centres for Educational Technology, CIET, UGG, IGNOU, NOS, State ET Cells, AVRC, EMRC, NIST etc. - their activity for the improvement of teaching learning.

I  EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT & EVALUATION

COURSES OBJECTIVES

1. To acquaint the student with the basic concepts and practices adopted in educational

    measurement and educational evaluation.

2. To help the student understand relationship between measurement and evaluation

    in education and the existing models of evaluation.

3. To orient the student with tools and techniques of measurement and evaluation.

4. To develop skills and competencies in constructing and standardizing a test.

5. To make the students understand how various requirements of education are

   measured evaluated interpreted and their results are recorded to help learners.

UNIT I

  • The Measurement and evaluation process'
  • Concept, scope and need, Taxonomies of educational objectives, Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced measurement
  • Evaluation' Functions of evaluation, and the basic principles of evaluation.

UNIT II

  • Models in Educational Evaluation
  • 3D Model, Total Teflection Model & Individual Judgment Model.
  • Evaluation and Curriculum
  • Interrelationship between measurement and evaluation in education

UNIT III

  • Tools of Measurement and Evaluation
  • Subjective and objective tools essay test, objectives test, scales, questionnaires, Schedules, inventories, performance tests.

UNIT IV

  • Test Construction
  • General principles of test construction and its standardization
  • Writing test items - objective type, essay type and interpretive type.
  • Item analysis procedures for norm-referenced and criterion referenced mastery tests.
  • Basic characteristics of good measuring instruments'
  • Validity, Objectivity, Reliability, Usability and Norms'
  • Types, Ways of determination; importance and application
  • Standardization of measuring instruments.
  • Item analysis.
  • Test Standardization
  • norm referenced and criterion referenced tests, scaling - standard scores, T-scores & C-scores.
  • Steps involved in standardizing a Test.

 

 

 

 

UNIT V

  • Measurement of Achievement, Aptitudes, Intelligence, Attitudes, Interest, Skills.
  • Interpretation of the above test-scores and methods of feed back to students .
  • New trends in evaluation viz. :
  • Grading
  • Semester system
  • Continuous Internal Assessment
  • Question Bank
  • Use of Computers in Evaluation.

J. CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To enable the student teachers to develop an understanding about important     

    principles of curriculum construction

2. To help student teachers understand the bases and determinants of curriculum.

3. To orient the student teachers with curriculum design, process and construction of

    curriculum development.

4. To acquaint student teachers with curricular content, curriculum implementation and

    process of curriculum evaluation.

5. To help student teachers understand issues, trends and researcher in the area of

   curriculum, in India.

UNIT I

  • Introduction
  • Concept and meaning of curriculum.
  • Curriculum development, theories and procedures.
  • History of curriculum development.

 

UNIT II

  • Bases of Determinants of Curriculum.
  • Philosophical considerations
  • Psychological considerations
  • Sociological considerations
  • Discipline-oriented considerations

 

UNIT III

  • Curriculum Design and organization
  • Components and source of design
  • Principles
  • Approaches
  • Categories and types
  • Curriculum Construction
  • Different models and principles
  • Deduction of curriculum from aims and objectives of education
  • Administrative consideration
  • Grass-root Ievel planning
  • System - analysis.
  • Curriculum Implementation Strategies
  • Role of Curriculum support materials
  • Types of materials and aids.
  • Models of implementation.
  • Curriculum Evaluation
  • Importance of evaluation of curriculum
  • Models of curriculum evaluation
  • Interpretation of evaluation results and method.
  • Issues and trends in curriculum development, curriculum research in India. .
  • Suggestions and recommendation in curriculum development as per the following commissions:
  • University Education Commission, 1948
  • Secondary Education Commission, 1952 .
  • Education Commission, 1966.

K. MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND.FINANCING OF EDUCATION

COURSES OBJECTIVES

1. To enable the student teachers to understand meaning, nature, scope, functions,

    principles and approaches of educational management.

2. To acquaint the student teachers with the processes of educational management. 2.

3. To develop an understanding in the student teachers about the management of

    finance, resources, and enable them to prepare school/institutional budget.

4. To orient student teachers with the procedures of supervision, inspection and

   improvement in the field of education.

5. To make the student teachers understand about the type of leadership required and

   accountability to be maintained by the teacher and administrator.

UNIT I

  • Educational Management' practice in the Present day context:
  • Meaning, nature, scope and principles of modern scientific management. .
  • Systems approach to operational management in education
  • Functions of educational managers.
  • Research relating to educational management
  • The present trends in educational management.

UNIT II

  • The process of management.
  • Planning for a rational approach to goal achievement;
  • Concept, of Objectives, Steps for formulating the objectives; Planning strategy, Policy and Programme for realizing the objectives in terms of; Decision making, Programme development and forecasting; Organizing, Directing, Staffing and Recruiting, and planning for Human Resources; Training, Coordinating and Controlling; Budgeting, Recording & Reporting.
  • POSDCORB & PODC approaches.

UNIT III

  • Management of Financing:
  • Nature and scope of Educational finance,
  • Sources, Procurement, Budgeting and Allocation of Funds
  • Maintenance of Accounts,
  • Sharing and 'distribution of financial responsibility,
  • Mobilization of local resources.
  • Private and self financing of educational institutions.

UNIT IV

  • Supervision and Inspection in Education: Need for supervision; Meaning, Nature,
  • Scope, limitations of present supervisory procedures Evaluation of supervisory
  • Effectiveness.
  • inspection Vs. Supervision
  • Academic Supervision vs. Administrative Supervision. .
  • Resources budgeting and auditing in education:
  • Resource: Meaning types mobilization, allocation and creation
  • Budgeting: Processes, formulation, types, drawbacks
  • Evaluation for performance and accountability. .

UNIT V

  • Controlling & leadership styles in educational management:
  • Centralization vs. Decentralization, PERT, PPBS, Control and methods of controlling, control-diameter, unity of command.
  • Leadership: Meaning and nature, Theories of leadership, leaderships styles.
  • System Evaluation, Programme Evaluation and Evaluation of functionaries. .

L. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

COURSES OBJECTIVES

1. To make student teachers understand about the concept, importance scope and aims f environmental education.

2. To acquaint the student teachers with possible environmental hazards enabling them

    to combat with the negative effects of the programmes of environmental erosion and

    pollution at various stages of education.

3. To orient student teachers with various components of environment for preparing a

    curriculum for environmental education.

4. To enable the student teachers to develop various methods and strategies for                                    

    realizing the objectives of environmental education

5. To enable the student teachers to understand about various projects in the area of

    environmental studies in different countries.

 

UNIT I

  • Introduction:
  • Concept, Importance and Scope.
  • Aims and Objectives .
  • Guiding Principles and foundations.
  • Relationship between man and Environment
  • Ecological and. Psychological Perspective

UNIT II

  • Environmental Hazards'
  • Environmental pollution; physical, air, water, noise, chemical.
  • Extinction of flora and fauna, deforestation, soil erosion. .
  • Need for conservation, preservation a~d protection of rich environmental heritage.
  • Programme of environmental education for primary, secondary and higher education institutions.

UNIT III

  • Features of curriculum for environmental education'
  • Special nature of curriculum on environmental education.
  • Concept of environment and ecosystem.
  • Natural system earth and biosphere, abiotic and biotic components.
  • Natural resources, abiotic resources.
  • Human systems - Human beings as part of environment, human adaptations to

environment, population and its effect on environmental resources.

  • Technological system - industrial growth, scientific and technological inventions and their impact on the environmental system.

UNIT IV

  • Methods and approaches of environmental education:
  • Strategies and approaches, treating environment 'education as a separate subject, topical units, integration and interdisciplinary approaches.
  • Methods - Discussion, Seminar, Workshop, Dialogue, Problem Solving, Field Surveys, Projects and Exhibition.
  • Role of Media, Print, films, and TV. .

 

UNIT V

  • Comparative Study of Environmental Projects from various Countries.

 

 

 

 

 

M. SCIENCE EDUCATION

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. Enhance the learner's understanding of new perspectives in science education by

    developing a world view of the practices in the area.

2. Acquaint the learner with the latest educational thinking about science education.

3. Develop the professional skills needed for practising modern education including the

    scientific listing of behavioural objective, devising appropriate transactional

    methodologies and technologies for achieving the outcomes.

4. Develop the skills needed for the devising science curriculum for schools and for

    developing support materials and literature for curriculum transaction.

5. Develop the ability and skills for evaluating the range of outcomes in science

    education.

6. Use of research findings in science education for improving practices related to

    science education.

 

COURSE CONTENTS

UNIT I

Nature of modern science and science education

  • Evolution of science over the centuries; role of science in the 2151 century information society and the emerging educational scenario.
  • Science education for the 215t century - new assumptionsand practices in modern science education. Nature of scientific method; use of scientific method of generating new knowledge.

 

UNIT II

 

Objectives of modern science education:

 

  • Different approaches adopted for defining educational outcomes - taxonomial

approach, products versus process approach, problem solving approach, discovery approach etc.

 

 

 

UNIT III

Modern science curricula:

  • Nature of modern science curricula; criteria used for developing science curriculum for schools; discipline oriented science curricula.
  • Specialized verses integrated science curricula.
  • Characteristics of important curricular experiments like the PSSC, Chem Study, BSCS, Nuffield Science etc.
  • Format of the sci~nce curriculum document.
  • Curriculum support documents and materials.

UNIT IV

Psychological bases of modern science education

  • Contributions of modern educational thinkers to science education and their

implications for educational practice with special reference to the works of:

(a) Piaget; (b) Bruner; (c) Gagne; (d) Ausubel; and (e) Mager.

UNIT V

Instructional strategies and models

  • Study of any three representative models of teaching, useful for science teaching.
  • Applications of enquiry approach, environmental approach and creative learning

approach to science education.

  • Project work in science learning.
  • Use of co-curricular activities for science learning.
  • Instructional strategies for dealing with the gifted children; strategies for dealing with low achieves. Education for scientific credibility.

 

 

UNIT VI

Curricular support material and educational technology.

  • Text books - criteria used for developing textbooks. Student workbooks, teacher

handbooks and reference books; use of on-line search for information.

  • Educational technology - meaning and scope; hardware and software technologies; programmed instruction; CAI; audio-videio support material for science learning.

UNIT VII

Evaluation of educational outcomes

  • Evaluating specified outcomes - modern assumptions. Developing instruments for measuring specialized behaviroural outcomes.
  • Test formats, items analysis, validity and reliability of texts; question banks; scoring marking and grading; items of measuring process and product outcomes; diagnostic testing and remedial teaching;. concept of MLL.

UNIT VIII

Research perspectives

  • Acquaintance with important research findings with special reference to science

education in India in the following areas:

(a) variables related to science achievement - intelligence, adjustment and

      motivational dimensions.

(b) under achievement in science - incidence; variables related to underachievement.

(c) studies on science curricula.

(d) Efficacy of instructional models used for science teaching.

N INFORMTION & COMMUNICATION IN EDUCATION

  • Concept of information & Communication technology
  • Process of communication
  • Factors affecting class room communication
  • Various media & their pedagogic use – printed materials chalk boards, two dimensional visuals, visual non- projected (three dimensional), visual projected, (still & motion)
  • Emerging communication & information technologies in education

a)     Audio video technology

b)     Computer technology

c)     Telecommunications

d)     Internet

  • Planning an instructional strategy making use of available information and communication technologies in different types of schools. The strategy could be discussed among the members of the group.
  • Appraisal of relevance of emerging communication & information technologies in Indian schools and other institutions taking socio-economic and cultural factors into consideration.
  • Appraisal of relevance of emerging communication & information technologies in open schools & universities with reference to Indian society.
  • Use of information and communication technologies in developing teaching skills among teachers.
  • Preparing a suggestive plan for best use of information and communication technologies in our schools (analyze needs, build strategy, availability, need of resources) and discussing in the group virtual university.

O Women education and gender sensitization

  • Role of women in primary socialization of children in the family.
  • Position of women in the family, educational system and labour market
  • Prospects of women’s equality in gender roles, labour market, participation in social and political activities.
  • The bases of marriage in Indian society with special reference to the society of Bihar, role expectation from a house wife in a family, role expectation from a working women in a family, conjugal roles of spouses in the family, marital breakdown, women’s role in preservation of culture and tradition
  • The abolition of gender roles –suitability in our society
  •  Women’s sexual abuse and exploitation for promoting material culture
  •  Constitutional & legal measures to prevent women’s exploitation in the society
  • Problems of girl children in family & schools. Measures to solve the problem.